Kruppel‐like factor 15 regulates fuel switching between glucose and fatty acids in brown adipocytes

Kruppellike Factor 15 Regulates Smooth Muscle Response to Vascular Injury

To determine the role of Kruppellike factor (KLF) 15 (a zinc finger transcriptional factor that is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells [VSMCs]) in vascular biology. VSMCs respond to mechanical injury via a tightly orchestrated series of gene regulatory events. KLF15 is broadly expressed in both arterial and venous vascular beds in a VSMC restricted fashion. KLF15 expression is markedly re...

The transcription factor GATA2 regulates differentiation of brown adipocytes.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized mammalian tissue and a site of adaptive thermogenesis. Although the metabolic functions of brown and white adipocytes are distinct, terminal differentiation of both adipocyte lineages is regulated by well-characterized common transcription factors. However, the early stages of adipocyte differentiation and regulation of precursor cells are not well un...

Branched short-chain fatty acids modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in primary adipocytes

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), e.g. acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, generated through colonic fermentation of dietary fibers, have been shown to reach the systemic circulation at micromolar concentrations. Moreover, SCFAs have been conferred anti-obesity properties in both animal models and human subjects. Branched SCFAs (BSCFAs), e.g., isobutyric and isovaleric acid, are genera...

A Paracrine Loop Between Adipocytes and Macrophages Aggravates Inflammatory Changes Role of Free Fatty Acids and Tumor Necrosis Factor

A paracrine loop between adipocytes and macrophages aggravates inflammatory changes: role of free fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

OBJECTIVE Weight gain is associated with infiltration of fat by macrophages, suggesting that they are an important source of inflammation in obese adipose tissue. Here we developed an in vitro coculture system composed of adipocytes and macrophages and examined the molecular mechanism whereby these cells communicate. METHODS AND RESULTS Coculture of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and macrop...